Imephu Efanayo, Izinhlobo Ezintathu: SVG, Rust kanye neFlutter

I-EVnSteven isifinyelele endaweni ekhululekile. Ipulatifomu izinzile futhi ayidingi ukunakekelwa okuningi, okuyikho esikufunayo lapho siqala: uhlelo oluncane olusebenza ngokuthula. Lokho kushiya indawo encane yokuhlola, futhi kushiye abasunguli bethu isikhathi sokuqala amanye amaphrojekthi ambalwa, ozowathola ekugcineni.

Ngakho senza ukuhlola. Sithathe imephu ekhasini lethu lasekhaya sayakha kabili: kanye ku-Rust okuhlanganiswe ku-WebAssembly, kanye kanye ku-Flutter. Lesi sihloko sibeka zonke ezintathu ekhasini elilodwa futhi sizihlanganisa.

1. Eyokuqala: SVG, CSS kanye ne-JavaScript encane

Ngamagama alula: lena imephu ekhasini lethu lasekhaya. Yakhiwe ngendlela esakhiwa ngayo ingxenye yesayithi lewebhu: ukudweba okwenziwe ngezimo ezaziwa isiphequluli sakho ukuthi ziboniswe futhi zinyakaze kanjani. Kuyona elula kakhulu kwezintathu, futhi kuyona evakashelwa kakhulu.

Kukudweba okukodwa kwe-SVG. Isiphequluli siqhuba iningi le-animations kusuka ku-CSS, futhi iskripthi esincane siphethe okusele.

Ngokuhle kwaso: akukho sinyathelo sokwakha, ngakho ithempulethi ye-Hugo iyona kuphela edingekayo. Kuyivektha, ngakho ihlala icacile kunoma yisiphi isayizi. Zonke izindawo ezingama-44 zingafinyelelwa ngekhibhodi, ngayinye inelebula labafundi besikrini. Futhi amazwi ambalwa ayahunyushwa kuzo zonke izilimi zethu.

Izindleko zikhona ngosayizi ekhasini. Ukubhalwa kwemephu kungaba cishe ama-107 KB (cishe ama-30 KB ecindezelwe), futhi uma isebenza inezinto ezingu-670 cishe kanye nama-animations angu-200 e-CSS. I-logic nayo inzima ukuyihlola: isikhathi siphila ngaphakathi kwe-CSS keyframes kanye neskripthi ekhasini, ngakho ukuhlolwa okukodwa ukubheka yona.

2. I-Rust ne-WebAssembly

Ngamazwi alula: I-Rust ulimi lokuhlela olwaziwa ngokushesha kwayo nangokubamba amaphutha amaningi ngaphambi kokuba uhlelo luqale ukusebenza. Lapha sabhala “ubuchopho” bemamephu ku-Rust, sayifaka ngendlela encane engagijima kubrawuza (ebizwa nge-WebAssembly), futhi sayivumela ukuthi idwebe yonke imephu ngokwayo, njengompetha odweba kabusha ikhanvasi elilodwa izikhathi eziningi ngomzuzwana. Kubonakala kuwe kufana.

Yonke imephu idwetshwe ekhanvasini elilodwa yi-Rust esivele yaqoqwa yaba yi-WebAssembly. Ikhodi ye-Rust inegunya lonke lokuziphatha kwemephu futhi idweba kabusha konke njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ingxenye esiyithandayo ukuthi ilogic iyi-Rust elula ngaphandle kwanoma yini evela kubrawuza: izibalo zokuthi izinto ziya kuphi nokuthi zishintsha nini, kanye ne-parser efunda umumo womhlaba. Ineziqu eziyi-13 ezihlolwa ngaphakathi kwesigamu somzuzwana, futhi uma isikhathi somjikelezo singalungile, ukuhlolwa kwehluleka esikhundleni sokuthi umuntu abone ukuthi kubukeka kungajwayelekile. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yamigqa ecishe ibe ngu-1,070 ye-Rust iyisisekelo esihlolwe (nezivivinyo zayo); okusele kudweba ekhanvasini futhi kuphathe imicimbi yegundane.

Ikhasi liphela likhanya kakhulu: into eyodwa yekhanvasi. Kodwa ukulanda kukhulu. Imodyuli eqoqiwe ingaba cishe 254 KB (cishe 92 KB ecindezelwe) kanye cishe 28 KB ye-JavaScript glue eyenziwe ithuluzi lokwakha. Futhi kunezindleko esizizwa lapho sisebenza kuyo:

• Ithuluzi lokwakha. Ukwakha kudinga iRust, iWebAssembly target kanye nethuluzi lomugqa womyalo okufanele inguqulo yalo ifane ncamashi naleyo ye-library. Iskripthi sethu sokwakha siqala ukuhlola kuqala bese simisa uma kukhona okwehluleka.
• Ayikho ukufinyelela kukhibhodi noma umfundi wesikrini kumadolobha ngamanye. Ikhansi liyisithombe. Izinhlamvu ezingama-44 ezigxile ku-SVG azisekho.
• IsiNgisi kuphela. Amalebula abhalwe ngaphakathi kohlelo.
• Ukucwila. Umthunzi othambile usebenzisa isihlungi sokucwila sekhansi, esingasekeliwe kuzo zonke iziphequluli. Asikazami iSafari, lapho umthunzi ungase ube nzima khona.

3. Flutter

Ngamagama alula: IFlutter iyithuluzi elivela kuGoogle lokwakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kumafoni, amakhompyutha kanye newebhu kusuka kusethi eyodwa yekhodi. Ayisebenzisi izingxenye zokwakha zewebhusayithi uqobo. Idweba konke ngokwayo. Lapha imephu iyisicelo esincane esiboniswa ngaphakathi kwale khasi, ithuluzi elifanayo elisebenza ku-charging calculator.

Idweba imephu nomdwebi wangokwezifiso, futhi iboniswa lapha kufreyimu. IFlutter ingakha futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza zefoni namadeskithophu kusuka kule khodi efanayo, okuyiyona nto eyinhloko: bhala imephu kanye, uyisebenzise ezindaweni eziningi.

Kuyilokho okufanayo njengemephu yeRust, eguqulelwe kuDart, enezivivinyo eziyi-11. Cishe imigqa engu-1,100 kuhlanganise nezivivinyo. I-Flutter inikeza idolobha ngalinye kumafundwa esikrini njengebhathini elinemaki, okungakabi nakho inguqulo ye-canvas (asikakuhloli kahle ukuthi isebenza kanjani kahle nomfundi wesikrini wangempela). Futhi kuyilanda elikhulu kakhulu: uhlelo lokusebenza lukhulu cishe u-1.8 MB (cishe u-535 KB ucindezelwe). Injini yokudweba yeFlutter iyilanda eyengeziwe, kodwa isayithi selivele lihlanganyela ikhophi elilodwa ne-calculator, ngakho isivakashi esivule i-calculator asililandi futhi. Umbhalo waso usethwe kufonti yesayithi, iMerriweather, eyilayishwa yisiphequluli ngesikhathi sokusebenza.

Esikutholile

Enye inothi ngesivinini. Ekubhekeni kwethu, imephu yeSVG kanye nemephu yeRust zombili zisebenza ngesivinini sokuvuselela sesikrini (cishe amafremu angu-120 ngomzuzwana esibonisweni sokuhlola), ngakho izinga lefremu alizange libahlukanise. Asizange silinganise izinga lefremu leFlutter, futhi asizange silinganise ukusetshenziswa kwebhethri noma kwe-CPU, ngakho asikwazi ukusho ukuthi yikuphi okukhanyayo efoni.

Izinto ezasisimangaza

Eminye imininingwane kulula ukuyiphutha. Amakloni ethu okuqala adweba isihluthulelo namawashi esabelweni esinqunyiwe semamephu, ngakho ayehlela ezikrini ezincane futhi abukeka emincane eduze kweyokuqala. Eyokuqala isilinganisela ngosayizi wefonti yephepha (rem, eshintsha ngobubanzi besikrini). Amakloni manje afunda loyo msayizi ephepheni. Namawashi ahlukile futhi: izandla zokuqala zihamba ngezinyathelo zemizuzu engu-15, kuyilapho ezinguqulweni zeRust neFlutter zijikeleza ngokuqhubekayo.

Izindawo zesikhathi azakhelwanga ngaphakathi. Akukho kokubili iRust ehlanganiswe kuWebAssembly noma iDart ephethe isizindalwazi sendawo yesikhathi esiyazi “Asia/Dubai”. Bobabili bacela isiphequluli esikhundleni salokho, ngokusebenzisa insizakalo yaso eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ye-Intl, ephinde ithole kahle ukonga kwesikhathi sasekuseni.

Zonke ezintathu zabelana ngezinto ezingenayo. Amamephu eRust neFlutter afunda uhlu lwedolobha nomugqa womhlaba ephepheni azikho kulo, idatha efanayo esetshenziswa imephu ye-SVG. Shintsha idolobha, futhi zonke ezintathu ziyashintsha. Lokhu futhi kusho ukuthi amamephu angasebenza kuphela ekhasini elinikeza zona.

I-Flutter web iyakhumbula. I-Flutter web ifaka isitoreji sayo esigciniwe, ngakho ngemva kokwakha kabusha siqhubeka sibona inguqulo endala kuze sikucime.

Isiphetho sethu

Imephu ye-SVG ihlala ekhasini lasekhaya. Ngokudweba ngosayizi onjalo iyona elula kakhulu, iyatholakala kalula, ihunyushwe, futhi ayidingi lutho ukwakha. I-Rust iyona ephambili enentshisekelo: uma kungekudala sidinga ukuthi umqondo wemephu ube nokuqinisekiswa, noma sidinga ukwenza izibalo ezinzima esipheqululini, inhliziyo yeRust ehlolwe kahle iyindlela enhle yokwenza lokho. I-Flutter inengqondo uma imephu idinga ukuphila ngaphakathi kohlelo lweFlutter.

Uhlolo aludingi ukushintsha umkhiqizo ukuze lufanele ukwenziwa. Saphetha ngokuba nombono ocacile wokuthi indlela ngayinye ibiza malini, incazelo ehlolwe yokuthi imephu iziphatha kanjani, nekhasini lapho ungabona khona zonke ezintathu ngokwakho.

Okulandelayo abakusungulayo

Ipulatifomu ezinzile ishiyela isikhathi seminye imibono. Ngaphandle kwe-EVnSteven, abakusungulayo basebenza kulezi:

Ukubiza izimoto, kuzokwethulwa maduze Kimem ↗ (opens in a new tab) Inkonzo yokubiza izimoto eBahir Dar, e-Ethiopia, evela kumqambi uMekonnen Alemu. Abagibeli babona isilinganiso sentengo ngaphambi kokubhuka, babuke umshayeli oseduze esondela emephini, futhi bakhokhe intengo ebaliwe ngemali esandleni ekupheleni kohambo.

Engenenzuzo, umthombo ovulekile StrayCats ↗ (opens in a new tab) Iphrojekthi evela kuDavid ukusiza abantu abanakekela amakati asendle, amakati angaphansi komuzi, noma noma yiliphi ikati, noma ngabe lelo kati lingumdlwane. Isesigabeni somqondo, ayikakayeki uhlelo lokusebenza, futhi uDavid uzokwamukela imibono yakho nempendulo. Inikezelwe kuSaibo, 2010–2026.

Ukulandelela imali, mahhala, kuzokwethulwa maduze Effectivo ↗ (opens in a new tab) Ukubalwa kwemali okungaphelele okunomqondo ohlukile, kulabo abasebenzisa imali esandleni. Bhala ukuthenga ngezinkinobho ezimbalwa, bala imali esesikhwameni sakho, futhi ubuke emuva ukuthi yini eyayibalulekile. Umqondo ohlukile ukuthi wonke umuntu oqhubeka nokusebenzisa imali esandleni usiza ukuyigcina isesimweni kubo bonke abanye. Mahhala futhi ngaphandle kwezikhangiso, izofika ku-Android ne-iPhone, kune-beta kanye nedemo yewebhu esebenzayo manje.