Mashi 19, 2025
Indlela Esinikeze Ngayo Izilimi Eziyi-50
Lapho siqala ukwenza iwebhusayithi yethu esekelwe kuGoHugo.io ibe nezinhlobonhlobo zezilimi, sasifuna indlela esheshayo, esezingeni eliphezulu, futhi engabizi yokukhiqiza ukuhumusha. Esikhundleni sokuhumusha ikhasi ngalinye ngesandla, sasebenzisa i-API ye-OpenAI ukuzenzakalela kwenqubo. Le ndatshana ichaza ukuthi sihlanganise kanjani i-OpenAI API neHugo, sisebenzisa itimu yeHugoPlate evela kuZeon Studio, ukukhiqiza ukuhumusha ngokushesha nangokunembile.
Kungani Sakhetha i-OpenAI API Ukuhumusha
Izinsizakalo zokuhumusha zendabuko zivame ukufuna umzamo omkhulu ngesandla, futhi amathuluzi ezenzakalelayo afana ne-Google Translate, nakuba ewusizo, awahlali enikeza izinga lokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo esalidinga. I-API ye-OpenAI yasivumela ukuthi:
- Sizenzakalelise ukuhumusha ngobuningi
- Senze ngendlela oyifisayo isitayela sokuhumusha
- Sigcine ukulawula okungcono kwekhwalithi
- Sihlanganise kahle newebhusayithi yethu esekelwe kuHugo
- Sibonise amakhasi ngamanye ukuze aphinde ahunyushwe
- Sengeze izilimi ezintsha ngokuzikhandla okuncane
Inqubo Yesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo
1. Ukulungiselela Iwebhusayithi YeHugo
Iwebhusayithi yethu yayingakamiswanga isebenzisa itimu ye-HugoPlate, esekela ukusebenza ngezilimi eziningi. Isinyathelo sokuqala kwakuwukuvumela ukusekelwa kwezilimi kufayela lethu le-Hugo config/_default/languages.toml:
```toml
################ English language ##################
[en]
languageName = "English"
languageCode = "en-us"
contentDir = "content/english"
weight = 1
################ Arabic language ##################
[ar]
languageName = "العربية"
languageCode = "ar"
contentDir = "content/arabic"
languageDirection = 'rtl'
weight = 2
```
Lolu hlelo luqinisekisa ukuthi iHugo ingakhiqiza izinhlobo ezihlukene zolimi zokuqukethwe kwethu.
2. Ukuzenzakalela Kwezingqulo Nge-OpenAI API
Sathuthukisa isikripthi se-Bash ukuzenzakalela ukuhumusha amafayela eMarkdown. Lesi skripthi:
- Sifunda amafayela esiNgisi
.mdkusuka kudrayivu yomthombo. - Sisebenzisa i-OpenAI API ukuhumusha umbhalo ngenkathi sigcina ifomethi yeMarkdown.
- Sibhalela okuqukethwe okuhumushiwe kumafolda ezifanele zolimi.
- Sigcina umlando wesimo sokuhumusha sisebenzisa ifayela le-JSON.
Nansi iskripthi sethu se-bash sokuzenzakalela ukuhumusha. Zizwe ukhululekile ukusisebenzisa nokusishintsha ngezidingo zakho:
```bash
# MIT License
# Copyright (c) 2024 Williston Technical Inc.
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
#!/bin/bash
# ===========================================
# Hugo Content Translation and Update Script (Sequential Processing & New-Language Cleanup)
# ===========================================
# This script translates Hugo Markdown (.md) files from English to all supported target languages
# sequentially (one file at a time). It updates a JSON status file after processing each file.
# At the end of the run, it checks translation_status.json and removes any language from
# translate_new_language.txt only if every file for that language is marked as "success".
# ===========================================
set -euo pipefail
# --- Simple Logging Function (writes to stderr) ---
log_step() {
echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $*" >&2
}
# --- Environment Setup ---
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"
# (Removed "Script starting." log)
SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
log_step "SCRIPT_DIR set to: $SCRIPT_DIR"
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/.env" ]; then
log_step "Loading environment variables from .env"
set -o allexport
source "$SCRIPT_DIR/.env"
set +o allexport
fi
# Load new languages from translate_new_language.txt (if available)
declare -a NEW_LANGUAGES=()
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt" ]; then
while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
NEW_LANGUAGES+=("$line")
done <"$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt"
else
log_step "No new languages file found; proceeding with empty NEW_LANGUAGES."
fi
API_KEY="${OPENAI_API_KEY:-}"
if [ -z "$API_KEY" ]; then
log_step "❌ Error: OPENAI_API_KEY environment variable is not set."
exit 1
fi
# Supported Languages (full list)
SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES=("ar" "bg" "bn" "cs" "da" "de" "el" "es" "fa" "fi" "fr" "ha" "he" "hi" "hr" "hu" "id" "ig" "it" "ja" "ko" "ml" "mr" "ms" "nl" "no" "pa" "pl" "pt" "ro" "ru" "sk" "sn" "so" "sr" "sv" "sw" "ta" "te" "th" "tl" "tr" "uk" "vi" "xh" "yo" "zh" "zu")
STATUS_FILE="$SCRIPT_DIR/translation_status.json"
SRC_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/Content/english"
log_step "Source directory: $SRC_DIR"
# Check dependencies
for cmd in jq curl; do
if ! command -v "$cmd" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
log_step "❌ Error: '$cmd' is required. Please install it."
exit 1
fi
done
MAX_RETRIES=5
WAIT_TIME=2 # seconds
# Create/initialize status file if missing
if [ ! -f "$STATUS_FILE" ]; then
echo "{}" >"$STATUS_FILE"
log_step "Initialized status file at: $STATUS_FILE"
fi
# --- Locking for Status Updates ---
lock_status() {
local max_wait=10
local start_time
start_time=$(date +%s)
while ! mkdir "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir" 2>/dev/null; do
sleep 0.01
local now
now=$(date +%s)
if ((now - start_time >= max_wait)); then
log_step "WARNING: Lock wait exceeded ${max_wait}s. Forcibly removing stale lock."
rm -rf "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir"
fi
done
}
unlock_status() {
rmdir "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir"
}
update_status() {
local file_path="$1" lang="$2" status="$3"
lock_status
jq --arg file "$file_path" --arg lang "$lang" --arg status "$status" \
'.[$file][$lang] = $status' "$STATUS_FILE" >"$STATUS_FILE.tmp" && mv "$STATUS_FILE.tmp" "$STATUS_FILE"
unlock_status
}
# --- Translation Function ---
translate_text() {
local text="$1" lang="$2"
local retry_count=0
while [ "$retry_count" -lt "$MAX_RETRIES" ]; do
user_message="Translate the following text to $lang. Preserve all formatting exactly as in the original.
$text"
json_payload=$(jq -n \
--arg system "Translate from English to $lang. Preserve original formatting exactly." \
--arg user_message "$user_message" \
'{
"model": "gpt-4o-mini",
"messages": [
{"role": "system", "content": $system},
{"role": "user", "content": $user_message}
],
"temperature": 0.3
}')
response=$(curl -s https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" \
-d "$json_payload")
log_step "📥 Received API response."
local error_type
error_type=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.error.type // empty')
local error_message
error_message=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.error.message // empty')
if [ "$error_type" == "insufficient_quota" ]; then
sleep "$WAIT_TIME"
retry_count=$((retry_count + 1))
elif [[ "$error_type" == "rate_limit_reached" || "$error_type" == "server_error" || "$error_type" == "service_unavailable" ]]; then
sleep "$WAIT_TIME"
retry_count=$((retry_count + 1))
elif [ "$error_type" == "invalid_request_error" ]; then
return 1
elif [ -z "$error_type" ]; then
if ! translated_text=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.choices[0].message.content' 2>/dev/null); then
return 1
fi
if [ "$translated_text" == "null" ] || [ -z "$translated_text" ]; then
return 1
else
translated_text=$(echo "$translated_text" | sed -e 's/^```[[:space:]]*//; s/[[:space:]]*```$//')
echo "$translated_text"
return 0
fi
else
return 1
fi
done
return 1
}
# --- Process a Single File (Sequential Version) ---
process_file() {
local src_file="$1" target_file="$2" lang="$3" rel_src="$4"
# If target file exists and is non-empty, mark status as success.
if [ -s "$target_file" ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "success"
return 0
fi
content=$(<"$src_file")
if [[ "$content" =~ ^[---|\+\+\+]([:space:)]*$ ]] && [[ "$content" =~ [[:space:]]*[---|\+\+\+\+]([:space:)]*$ ]]; then
front_matter=$(echo "$content" | sed -n '/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/,/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/p')
body_content=$(echo "$content" | sed -n '/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/,/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/d')
else
front_matter=""
body_content="$content"
fi
log_step "Translating [$rel_src] to $lang..."
translated_body=$(translate_text "$body_content" "$lang")
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "failed"
return 1
fi
mkdir -p "$(dirname "$target_file")"
if [ -n "$front_matter" ]; then
echo -e "$front_matter
$translated_body" >"$target_file"
else
echo -e "$translated_body" >"$target_file"
fi
updated_content=$(echo "$content" | sed -E 's/^retranslate:\s*true/retranslate: false/')
echo "$updated_content" >"$src_file"
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "success"
}
# --- Main Sequential Processing ---
ALL_SUCCESS=true
for TARGET_LANG in "${SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES[@]}"; do
log_step "Processing language: $TARGET_LANG"
TARGET_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/Content/$TARGET_LANG"
while IFS= read -r -d '' src_file; do
rel_src="${src_file#$SCRIPT_DIR/}"
target_file="$TARGET_DIR/${src_file#$SRC_DIR/}"
# If file is marked not to retranslate, check that target file exists and is non-empty.
if ! [[ " ${NEW_LANGUAGES[@]:-} " =~ " ${TARGET_LANG} " ]] && grep -q '^retranslate:\s*false' "$src_file"; then
if [ -s "$target_file" ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$TARGET_LANG" "success"
else
update_status "$rel_src" "$TARGET_LANG" "failed"
fi
continue
fi
process_file "$src_file" "$target_file" "$TARGET_LANG" "$rel_src"
done < <(find "$SRC_DIR" -type f -name "*.md" -print0)
done
log_step "Translation run completed."
end_time=$(date +%s)
duration=$((end_time - $(date +%s)))
log_step "Execution Time: $duration seconds"
if [ "$ALL_SUCCESS" = true ]; then
log_step "🎉 Translation completed successfully for all supported languages!"
else
log_step "⚠️ Translation completed with some errors."
fi
# --- Clean Up Fully Translated New Languages ---
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt" ]; then
log_step "Cleaning up fully translated new languages..."
for lang in "${NEW_LANGUAGES[@]:-}"; do
incomplete=$(jq --arg lang "$lang" 'to_entries[] | select(.value[$lang] != null and (.value[$lang] != "success")) | .key' "$STATUS_FILE")
if [ -z "$incomplete" ]; then
log_step "All translations for new language '$lang' are marked as success. Removing from translate_new_language.txt."
sed -E -i '' "/^[[:space:]]*$lang[[:space:]]*$/d" "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt"
else
log_step "Language '$lang' still has incomplete translations."
fi
done
fi
```
3. Ukuphatha Isimo Sokuhumusha
Ukuvimbela ukuhumusha okuphindaphindiwe nokulandela inqubekela phambili, sisebenzise ifayela le-JSON (translation_status.json). Iskripthi sibuyekeza leli fayela ngemva kokucubungula idokhumenti ngayinye, siqinisekisa ukuthi kuphela okuqukethwe okusha noma okushintshiwe okuhumushwa.
4. Ukuphathwa Kwamaphutha Nezilinganiso Ze-API
Senza izindlela zokuzama kabusha nokuphatha amaphutha ukubhekana nemikhawulo yezinga, ukwehluleka kwe-API, nezinkinga ze-quota. Iskripthi silinda ngaphambi kokuzama futhi uma i-OpenAI API ibuyisa iphutha elifana ne-rate_limit_reached noma service_unavailable.
5. Ukufakwa
Uma okuqukethwe okuhumushiwe sekukhiqiziwe, ukusebenzisa hugo --minify kwakha iwebhusayithi yesizinda esiningi esilungele ukufakwa.
Izinselele Nezixazululo
1. Ukunemba Kwezingqulo
Nakuba ukuhumusha kwe-OpenAI kwakuvamile ukunemba, amanye amagama wezobuchwepheshe angadinga ukubuyekezwa ngesandla, kodwa siyithimba lababili kuphela, ngakho sithemba okuhle. Sashintsha izicelo ukuze sigcine umongo nomsindo.
2. Izinkinga Zefomethi
Isakhiwo seMarkdown kwesinye isikhathi sashintsha ekuhumusheni. Ukuze silungise lokhu, sengeza umthetho wokucubungula ngemva ukuze sigcine ifomethi.
3. Ukunciphisa Izindleko Ze-API
Ukuze sinciphise izindleko, sasebenzisa ukugcinwa kwesikhashana (caching) ukuvimbela ukuhumusha kabusha okuqukethwe okungashintshile.
4. Ukuzenzakalela Kokuhumusha Kabusha Ngokuphumelelayo
Ukuze siphinde sihumushe amakhasi athile, sengeza ipharamitha ye-retranslate: true ku-front matter. Iskripthi siphinde sihumushe kuphela amakhasi anelelo pharamitha. Lokhu kusivumela ukuthi sibuyekeze ukuhumusha njengoba kudingeka ngaphandle kokuphinda sihumushe yonke iwebhusayithi.
Isiphetho
Ngokuhlanganisa i-OpenAI API neHugo, sazenzakalela ukuhumusha kwewebhusayithi yethu ngenkathi sigcina ikhwalithi nokuguquguquka. Le ndlela yasindisa isikhathi, yaqinisekisa ukuhambisana, futhi yasivumela ukuthi sikhule kalula. Uma ufuna ukwenza iwebhusayithi yakho yeHugo ibe nezinhlobonhlobo zezilimi, i-API ye-OpenAI inikeza isixazululo esinamandla.