Matshi 19, 2025
Indlela Esinikezela Ngayo ngeelwimi ezingama-50
Xa saqala ukwenza iwebhusayithi yethu esekwe kuGoHugo.io ibe neelwimi ezininzi, sasifuna indlela esebenzayo, esinokuyikhulisa, kwaye esingabizi kakhulu yokwenza iinguqulelo. Endaweni yokuguqulela iphepha ngalinye ngesandla, sasebenzisa i-API ye-OpenAI ukuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo. Eli nqaku lichaza indlela esidibanise ngayo i-OpenAI API kunye neHugo, sisebenzisa itimu yeHugoPlate evela kuZeon Studio, ukuvelisa iinguqulelo ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo.
Kutheni Sikhethe i-OpenAI API Ukuze SiGuqulele
Iinkonzo zendabuko zoguqulelo zihlala zifuna umzamo omkhulu ngesandla, kwaye izixhobo ezenzekelayo ezifana neGoogle Translate, nangona zisebenzisekayo, azihlali zinika umgangatho wokwenza ngokwezifiso esiwufunayo. I-API ye-OpenAI isivumele ukuba:
- Sizenzekele iinguqulelo ngobuninzi
- Senze ngokwezifiso isitayile sokuGuqulela
- Sigcine ulawulo olungcono lomgangatho
- Sidibanise ngokungenazithintelo kwiwebhusayithi yethu esekwe kuHugo
- Sibonise amaphepha ngamanye ukuze aguqulelwe kwakhona
- Songeze iilwimi ezintsha ngomzamo omncinci
Inkqubo Nganye-nganye
1. Ukulungiselela iWebhusayithi yeHugo
Iwebhusayithi yethu yayisele isetiwe sisebenzisa itimu ye-HugoPlate, exhasa umsebenzi weelwimi ezininzi. Inyathelo lokuqala kwakukuvumela inkxaso yolwimi kwifayile yethu yeHugo config/_default/languages.toml:
```toml
################ English language ##################
[en]
languageName = "English"
languageCode = "en-us"
contentDir = "content/english"
weight = 1
################ Arabic language ##################
[ar]
languageName = "العربية"
languageCode = "ar"
contentDir = "content/arabic"
languageDirection = 'rtl'
weight = 2
```
Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba iHugo inokwenza iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zolwimi zomxholo wethu.
2. Ukuzenzekelayo Kweenguqulelo nge-OpenAI API
Saphuhlisa iscript yeBash yokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo uguqulelo lweefayile zeMarkdown. Le script:
- Ifunda iifayile ze-
.mdzesiNgesi kwifolda yemithombo. - Isebenzisa i-OpenAI API ukuguqulela umbhalo ngelixa igcina ifomathi yeMarkdown.
- Ibhala umxholo oguquliweyo kwiifolda zolwimi ezifanelekileyo.
- Igcina umkhondo wesimo sokuGuqulela isebenzisa ifayile yeJSON.
Nantsi iscript yethu yeBash yokwenza ngokuzenzekelayo iinguqulelo. Zive ukhululekile ukuyisebenzisa nokuyiguqula ngokweemfuno zakho:
```bash
# MIT License
# Copyright (c) 2024 Williston Technical Inc.
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
#!/bin/bash
# ===========================================
# Hugo Content Translation and Update Script (Sequential Processing & New-Language Cleanup)
# ===========================================
# This script translates Hugo Markdown (.md) files from English to all supported target languages
# sequentially (one file at a time). It updates a JSON status file after processing each file.
# At the end of the run, it checks translation_status.json and removes any language from
# translate_new_language.txt only if every file for that language is marked as "success".
# ===========================================
set -euo pipefail
# --- Simple Logging Function (writes to stderr) ---
log_step() {
echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $*" >&2
}
# --- Environment Setup ---
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"
# (Removed "Script starting." log)
SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
log_step "SCRIPT_DIR set to: $SCRIPT_DIR"
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/.env" ]; then
log_step "Loading environment variables from .env"
set -o allexport
source "$SCRIPT_DIR/.env"
set +o allexport
fi
# Load new languages from translate_new_language.txt (if available)
declare -a NEW_LANGUAGES=()
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt" ]; then
while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
NEW_LANGUAGES+=("$line")
done <"$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt"
else
log_step "No new languages file found; proceeding with empty NEW_LANGUAGES."
fi
API_KEY="${OPENAI_API_KEY:-}"
if [ -z "$API_KEY" ]; then
log_step "❌ Error: OPENAI_API_KEY environment variable is not set."
exit 1
fi
# Supported Languages (full list)
SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES=("ar" "bg" "bn" "cs" "da" "de" "el" "es" "fa" "fi" "fr" "ha" "he" "hi" "hr" "hu" "id" "ig" "it" "ja" "ko" "ml" "mr" "ms" "nl" "no" "pa" "pl" "pt" "ro" "ru" "sk" "sn" "so" "sr" "sv" "sw" "ta" "te" "th" "tl" "tr" "uk" "vi" "xh" "yo" "zh" "zu")
STATUS_FILE="$SCRIPT_DIR/translation_status.json"
SRC_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/Content/english"
log_step "Source directory: $SRC_DIR"
# Check dependencies
for cmd in jq curl; do
if ! command -v "$cmd" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
log_step "❌ Error: '$cmd' is required. Please install it."
exit 1
fi
done
MAX_RETRIES=5
WAIT_TIME=2 # seconds
# Create/initialize status file if missing
if [ ! -f "$STATUS_FILE" ]; then
echo "{}" >"$STATUS_FILE"
log_step "Initialized status file at: $STATUS_FILE"
fi
# --- Locking for Status Updates ---
lock_status() {
local max_wait=10
local start_time
start_time=$(date +%s)
while ! mkdir "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir" 2>/dev/null; do
sleep 0.01
local now
now=$(date +%s)
if ((now - start_time >= max_wait)); then
log_step "WARNING: Lock wait exceeded ${max_wait}s. Forcibly removing stale lock."
rm -rf "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir"
fi
done
}
unlock_status() {
rmdir "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir"
}
update_status() {
local file_path="$1" lang="$2" status="$3"
lock_status
jq --arg file "$file_path" --arg lang "$lang" --arg status "$status" \
'.[$file][$lang] = $status' "$STATUS_FILE" >"$STATUS_FILE.tmp" && mv "$STATUS_FILE.tmp" "$STATUS_FILE"
unlock_status
}
# --- Translation Function ---
translate_text() {
local text="$1" lang="$2"
local retry_count=0
while [ "$retry_count" -lt "$MAX_RETRIES" ]; do
user_message="Translate the following text to $lang. Preserve all formatting exactly as in the original.
$text"
json_payload=$(jq -n \
--arg system "Translate from English to $lang. Preserve original formatting exactly." \
--arg user_message "$user_message" \
'{
"model": "gpt-4o-mini",
"messages": [
{"role": "system", "content": $system},
{"role": "user", "content": $user_message}
],
"temperature": 0.3
}')
response=$(curl -s https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" \
-d "$json_payload")
log_step "📥 Received API response."
local error_type
error_type=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.error.type // empty')
local error_message
error_message=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.error.message // empty')
if [ "$error_type" == "insufficient_quota" ]; then
sleep "$WAIT_TIME"
retry_count=$((retry_count + 1))
elif [[ "$error_type" == "rate_limit_reached" || "$error_type" == "server_error" || "$error_type" == "service_unavailable" ]]; then
sleep "$WAIT_TIME"
retry_count=$((retry_count + 1))
elif [ "$error_type" == "invalid_request_error" ]; then
return 1
elif [ -z "$error_type" ]; then
if ! translated_text=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.choices[0].message.content' 2>/dev/null); then
return 1
fi
if [ "$translated_text" == "null" ] || [ -z "$translated_text" ]; then
return 1
else
translated_text=$(echo "$translated_text" | sed -e 's/^```[[:space:]]*//; s/[[:space:]]*```$//')
echo "$translated_text"
return 0
fi
else
return 1
fi
done
return 1
}
# --- Process a Single File (Sequential Version) ---
process_file() {
local src_file="$1" target_file="$2" lang="$3" rel_src="$4"
# If target file exists and is non-empty, mark status as success.
if [ -s "$target_file" ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "success"
return 0
fi
content=$(<"$src_file")
if [[ "$content" =~ ^[---|\+\+\+]([:space:)]*$ ]] && [[ "$content" =~ [[:space:]]*[---|\+\+\+\+]([:space:)]*$ ]]; then
front_matter=$(echo "$content" | sed -n '/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/,/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/p')
body_content=$(echo "$content" | sed -n '/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/,/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/d')
else
front_matter=""
body_content="$content"
fi
log_step "Translating [$rel_src] to $lang..."
translated_body=$(translate_text "$body_content" "$lang")
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "failed"
return 1
fi
mkdir -p "$(dirname "$target_file")"
if [ -n "$front_matter" ]; then
echo -e "$front_matter
$translated_body" >"$target_file"
else
echo -e "$translated_body" >"$target_file"
fi
updated_content=$(echo "$content" | sed -E 's/^retranslate:\s*true/retranslate: false/')
echo "$updated_content" >"$src_file"
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "success"
}
# --- Main Sequential Processing ---
ALL_SUCCESS=true
for TARGET_LANG in "${SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES[@]}"; do
log_step "Processing language: $TARGET_LANG"
TARGET_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/Content/$TARGET_LANG"
while IFS= read -r -d '' src_file; do
rel_src="${src_file#$SCRIPT_DIR/}"
target_file="$TARGET_DIR/${src_file#$SRC_DIR/}"
# If file is marked not to retranslate, check that target file exists and is non-empty.
if ! [[ " ${NEW_LANGUAGES[@]:-} " =~ " ${TARGET_LANG} " ]] && grep -q '^retranslate:\s*false' "$src_file"; then
if [ -s "$target_file" ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$TARGET_LANG" "success"
else
update_status "$rel_src" "$TARGET_LANG" "failed"
fi
continue
fi
process_file "$src_file" "$target_file" "$TARGET_LANG" "$rel_src"
done < <(find "$SRC_DIR" -type f -name "*.md" -print0)
done
log_step "Translation run completed."
end_time=$(date +%s)
duration=$((end_time - $(date +%s)))
log_step "Execution Time: $duration seconds"
if [ "$ALL_SUCCESS" = true ]; then
log_step "🎉 Translation completed successfully for all supported languages!"
else
log_step "⚠️ Translation completed with some errors."
fi
# --- Clean Up Fully Translated New Languages ---
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt" ]; then
log_step "Cleaning up fully translated new languages..."
for lang in "${NEW_LANGUAGES[@]:-}"; do
incomplete=$(jq --arg lang "$lang" 'to_entries[] | select(.value[$lang] != null and (.value[$lang] != "success")) | .key' "$STATUS_FILE")
if [ -z "$incomplete" ]; then
log_step "All translations for new language '$lang' are marked as success. Removing from translate_new_language.txt."
sed -E -i '' "/^[[:space:]]*$lang[[:space:]]*$/d" "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt"
else
log_step "Language '$lang' still has incomplete translations."
fi
done
fi
```
3. Ukulawula Isimo sokuGuqulela
Ukuze sithintele iinguqulelo ezingaphindwanga kwaye silandele inkqubela, sisebenzise ifayile yeJSON (translation_status.json). Iscript ihlaziya le fayile emva kokucubungula uxwebhu ngalunye, iqinisekisa ukuba kuphela umxholo omtsha okanye uhlaziyiweyo uguqulelwa.
4. Ukusingatha Iimpazamo kunye neMida ye-API
Sasebenzisa iindlela zokuphinda sizame kunye nokusingatha iimpazamo ukulawula imida, ukungaphumeleli kwe-API, kunye nemiba ye-quota. Iscript ilinda ngaphambi kokuphinda izame ukuba i-OpenAI API ibuyisela impazamo efana ne-rate_limit_reached okanye service_unavailable.
5. Ukusasazwa
Xa umxholo oguquliweyo sele ukhona, ukusebenzisa hugo --minify kwakha iwebhusayithi esebenzisa iilwimi ezininzi, ilungele ukusasazwa.
Iingxaki Nezisombululo
1. Ukuchaneka Kweenguqulelo
Nangona iinguqulelo ze-OpenAI zazichanekile ngokubanzi, ezinye iimeko zobugcisa zinokufuna uphononongo ngesandla, kodwa singamaqela amabini kuphela, ngoko sithemba okona kulungileyo. Sahlengahlengisa iiprompts ukugcina umxholo kunye nesandi.
2. Iingxaki Zefomathi
Isyntax yeMarkdown ngamanye amaxesha yatshintshwa ekuhlanganiseni. Ukulungisa oku, songeze umgaqo wokulungisa emva kokuguqulela ukugcina ifomathi.
3. Ukunciphisa Iindleko ze-API
Ukunciphisa iindleko, sasebenzisa i-caching ukuze singaphindi siguqule umxholo ongatshintshanga.
4. Ukusingatha UkuGuqulelwa Kwakhona Ngokufanelekileyo
Ukuze siguqulele kwakhona amaphepha athile, songeze iparameter ye-front matter ethi retranslate: true. Iscript iguqulela kwakhona kuphela amaphepha anale paramitha. Oku kusivumela ukuhlaziya iinguqulelo xa kufuneka ngaphandle kokuguqulela yonke iwebhusayithi kwakhona.
Isiphelo
Ngokudibanisa i-OpenAI API kunye neHugo, sizenzekele iinguqulelo zewebhusayithi yethu ngelixa sigcina umgangatho kunye nokuguquguquka. Le ndlela yagcina ixesha, yaqinisekisa ukuhambelana, kwaye yasivumela ukuba sikhule ngokulula. Ukuba ujolise ekwenzeni iwebhusayithi yakho yeHugo ibe neelwimi ezininzi, i-API ye-OpenAI inikezela isisombululo esinamandla.