March 19, 2025
Paano Kami Nag-alok ng 50 Wika
Nang nagsimula kaming gawing multilingual ang aming GoHugo.io-based na website, nais naming magkaroon ng isang epektibo, scalable, at cost-effective na paraan upang makabuo ng mga pagsasalin. Sa halip na mano-manong isalin ang bawat pahina, ginamit namin ang OpenAI API upang i-automate ang proseso. Tinuturuan ng artikulong ito kung paano namin isinama ang OpenAI API sa Hugo, gamit ang HugoPlate theme mula sa Zeon Studio, upang mabilis at tumpak na makabuo ng mga pagsasalin.
Bakit Namin Pinili ang OpenAI API para sa Pagsasalin
Ang tradisyonal na mga serbisyo sa pagsasalin ay kadalasang nangangailangan ng malaking manual na pagsisikap, at ang mga automated na tool tulad ng Google Translate, habang kapaki-pakinabang, ay hindi palaging nagbibigay ng antas ng customization na kailangan namin. Pinayagan kami ng OpenAI API na:
- I-automate ang mga pagsasalin nang maramihan
- I-customize ang estilo ng pagsasalin
- Panatilihin ang mas mahusay na kontrol sa kalidad
- Seamlessly na maisama sa aming Hugo-based na site
- Markahan ang mga indibidwal na pahina para sa muling pagsasalin
- Magdagdag ng mga bagong wika nang may minimal na pagsisikap
Hakbang-hakbang na Proseso
1. Paghahanda ng Hugo Website
Ang aming site ay naka-set up na gamit ang HugoPlate theme, na sumusuporta sa multilingual na functionality. Ang unang hakbang ay paganahin ang suporta sa wika sa aming Hugo config/_default/languages.toml file:
```toml
################ English language ##################
[en]
languageName = "English"
languageCode = "en-us"
contentDir = "content/english"
weight = 1
################ Arabic language ##################
[ar]
languageName = "العربية"
languageCode = "ar"
contentDir = "content/arabic"
languageDirection = 'rtl'
weight = 2
```
Tinitiyak ng configuration na ito na makakagawa ang Hugo ng hiwalay na mga bersyon ng wika ng aming nilalaman.
2. Pag-automate ng mga Pagsasalin gamit ang OpenAI API
Nagawa namin ang isang Bash script upang i-automate ang pagsasalin ng mga Markdown file. Ang script na ito ay:
- Nagbabasa ng mga English
.mdfiles mula sa source directory. - Ginagamit ang OpenAI API upang isalin ang teksto habang pinapanatili ang Markdown formatting.
- Isinusulat ang isinaling nilalaman sa mga angkop na language directories.
- Nagtatala ng status ng pagsasalin gamit ang isang JSON file.
Narito ang aming bash script para sa pag-automate ng mga pagsasalin. Malaya kang gamitin at i-modify ito ayon sa iyong pangangailangan:
```bash
# MIT License
# Copyright (c) 2024 Williston Technical Inc.
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
# copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
# SOFTWARE.
#!/bin/bash
# ===========================================
# Hugo Content Translation and Update Script (Sequential Processing & New-Language Cleanup)
# ===========================================
# This script translates Hugo Markdown (.md) files from English to all supported target languages
# sequentially (one file at a time). It updates a JSON status file after processing each file.
# At the end of the run, it checks translation_status.json and removes any language from
# translate_new_language.txt only if every file for that language is marked as "success".
# ===========================================
set -euo pipefail
# --- Simple Logging Function (writes to stderr) ---
log_step() {
echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $*" >&2
}
# --- Environment Setup ---
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"
# (Removed "Script starting." log)
SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
log_step "SCRIPT_DIR set to: $SCRIPT_DIR"
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/.env" ]; then
log_step "Loading environment variables from .env"
set -o allexport
source "$SCRIPT_DIR/.env"
set +o allexport
fi
# Load new languages from translate_new_language.txt (if available)
declare -a NEW_LANGUAGES=()
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt" ]; then
while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
NEW_LANGUAGES+=("$line")
done <"$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt"
else
log_step "No new languages file found; proceeding with empty NEW_LANGUAGES."
fi
API_KEY="${OPENAI_API_KEY:-}"
if [ -z "$API_KEY" ]; then
log_step "❌ Error: OPENAI_API_KEY environment variable is not set."
exit 1
fi
# Supported Languages (full list)
SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES=("ar" "bg" "bn" "cs" "da" "de" "el" "es" "fa" "fi" "fr" "ha" "he" "hi" "hr" "hu" "id" "ig" "it" "ja" "ko" "ml" "mr" "ms" "nl" "no" "pa" "pl" "pt" "ro" "ru" "sk" "sn" "so" "sr" "sv" "sw" "ta" "te" "th" "tl" "tr" "uk" "vi" "xh" "yo" "zh" "zu")
STATUS_FILE="$SCRIPT_DIR/translation_status.json"
SRC_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/Content/english"
log_step "Source directory: $SRC_DIR"
# Check dependencies
for cmd in jq curl; do
if ! command -v "$cmd" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
log_step "❌ Error: '$cmd' is required. Please install it."
exit 1
fi
done
MAX_RETRIES=5
WAIT_TIME=2 # seconds
# Create/initialize status file if missing
if [ ! -f "$STATUS_FILE" ]; then
echo "{}" >"$STATUS_FILE"
log_step "Initialized status file at: $STATUS_FILE"
fi
# --- Locking for Status Updates ---
lock_status() {
local max_wait=10
local start_time
start_time=$(date +%s)
while ! mkdir "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir" 2>/dev/null; do
sleep 0.01
local now
now=$(date +%s)
if ((now - start_time >= max_wait)); then
log_step "WARNING: Lock wait exceeded ${max_wait}s. Forcibly removing stale lock."
rm -rf "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir"
fi
done
}
unlock_status() {
rmdir "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir"
}
update_status() {
local file_path="$1" lang="$2" status="$3"
lock_status
jq --arg file "$file_path" --arg lang "$lang" --arg status "$status" \
'.[$file][$lang] = $status' "$STATUS_FILE" >"$STATUS_FILE.tmp" && mv "$STATUS_FILE.tmp" "$STATUS_FILE"
unlock_status
}
# --- Translation Function ---
translate_text() {
local text="$1" lang="$2"
local retry_count=0
while [ "$retry_count" -lt "$MAX_RETRIES" ]; do
user_message="Translate the following text to $lang. Preserve all formatting exactly as in the original.
$text"
json_payload=$(jq -n \
--arg system "Translate from English to $lang. Preserve original formatting exactly." \
--arg user_message "$user_message" \
'{
"model": "gpt-4o-mini",
"messages": [
{"role": "system", "content": $system},
{"role": "user", "content": $user_message}
],
"temperature": 0.3
}')
response=$(curl -s https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" \
-d "$json_payload")
log_step "📥 Received API response."
local error_type
error_type=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.error.type // empty')
local error_message
error_message=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.error.message // empty')
if [ "$error_type" == "insufficient_quota" ]; then
sleep "$WAIT_TIME"
retry_count=$((retry_count + 1))
elif [[ "$error_type" == "rate_limit_reached" || "$error_type" == "server_error" || "$error_type" == "service_unavailable" ]]; then
sleep "$WAIT_TIME"
retry_count=$((retry_count + 1))
elif [ "$error_type" == "invalid_request_error" ]; then
return 1
elif [ -z "$error_type" ]; then
if ! translated_text=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.choices[0].message.content' 2>/dev/null); then
return 1
fi
if [ "$translated_text" == "null" ] || [ -z "$translated_text" ]; then
return 1
else
translated_text=$(echo "$translated_text" | sed -e 's/^```[[:space:]]*//; s/[[:space:]]*```$//')
echo "$translated_text"
return 0
fi
else
return 1
fi
done
return 1
}
# --- Process a Single File (Sequential Version) ---
process_file() {
local src_file="$1" target_file="$2" lang="$3" rel_src="$4"
# If target file exists and is non-empty, mark status as success.
if [ -s "$target_file" ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "success"
return 0
fi
content=$(<"$src_file")
if [[ "$content" =~ ^[---|\+\+\+]([:space:)]*$ ]] && [[ "$content" =~ [[:space:]]*[---|\+\+\+\+]([:space:)]*$ ]]; then
front_matter=$(echo "$content" | sed -n '/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/,/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/p')
body_content=$(echo "$content" | sed -n '/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/,/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/d')
else
front_matter=""
body_content="$content"
fi
log_step "Translating [$rel_src] to $lang..."
translated_body=$(translate_text "$body_content" "$lang")
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "failed"
return 1
fi
mkdir -p "$(dirname "$target_file")"
if [ -n "$front_matter" ]; then
echo -e "$front_matter
$translated_body" >"$target_file"
else
echo -e "$translated_body" >"$target_file"
fi
updated_content=$(echo "$content" | sed -E 's/^retranslate:\s*true/retranslate: false/')
echo "$updated_content" >"$src_file"
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "success"
}
# --- Main Sequential Processing ---
ALL_SUCCESS=true
for TARGET_LANG in "${SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES[@]}"; do
log_step "Processing language: $TARGET_LANG"
TARGET_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/Content/$TARGET_LANG"
while IFS= read -r -d '' src_file; do
rel_src="${src_file#$SCRIPT_DIR/}"
target_file="$TARGET_DIR/${src_file#$SRC_DIR/}"
# If file is marked not to retranslate, check that target file exists and is non-empty.
if ! [[ " ${NEW_LANGUAGES[@]:-} " =~ " ${TARGET_LANG} " ]] && grep -q '^retranslate:\s*false' "$src_file"; then
if [ -s "$target_file" ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$TARGET_LANG" "success"
else
update_status "$rel_src" "$TARGET_LANG" "failed"
fi
continue
fi
process_file "$src_file" "$target_file" "$TARGET_LANG" "$rel_src"
done < <(find "$SRC_DIR" -type f -name "*.md" -print0)
done
log_step "Translation run completed."
end_time=$(date +%s)
duration=$((end_time - $(date +%s)))
log_step "Execution Time: $duration seconds"
if [ "$ALL_SUCCESS" = true ]; then
log_step "🎉 Translation completed successfully for all supported languages!"
else
log_step "⚠️ Translation completed with some errors."
fi
# --- Clean Up Fully Translated New Languages ---
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt" ]; then
log_step "Cleaning up fully translated new languages..."
for lang in "${NEW_LANGUAGES[@]:-}"; do
incomplete=$(jq --arg lang "$lang" 'to_entries[] | select(.value[$lang] != null and (.value[$lang] != "success")) | .key' "$STATUS_FILE")
if [ -z "$incomplete" ]; then
log_step "All translations for new language '$lang' are marked as success. Removing from translate_new_language.txt."
sed -E -i '' "/^[[:space:]]*$lang[[:space:]]*$/d" "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt"
else
log_step "Language '$lang' still has incomplete translations."
fi
done
fi
```
3. Pamamahala ng Status ng Pagsasalin
Upang maiwasan ang paulit-ulit na pagsasalin at masubaybayan ang progreso, gumamit kami ng JSON file (translation_status.json). Ina-update ng script ang file na ito pagkatapos iproseso ang bawat dokumento, tinitiyak na ang mga bago o na-update lamang na nilalaman ang isinasalin.
4. Pag-handle ng Error at API Rate Limits
Nagpatupad kami ng retries at error handling upang harapin ang rate limits, mga pagkabigo ng API, at mga isyu sa quota. Naghihintay ang script bago mag-retry kung ang OpenAI API ay nagbalik ng error tulad ng rate_limit_reached o service_unavailable.
5. Deployment
Kapag nagawa na ang isinaling nilalaman, ang pagpapatakbo ng hugo --minify ay bumubuo ng multilingual static site, handa na para sa deployment.
Mga Hamon at Solusyon
1. Katumpakan ng Pagsasalin
Bagaman ang mga pagsasalin ng OpenAI ay karaniwang tumpak, ang ilang mga teknikal na termino ay maaaring mangailangan ng manual na pagsusuri, ngunit kami ay isang team na dalawa lamang, kaya umaasa kami sa pinakamahusay. Pinino namin ang mga prompt upang mapanatili ang konteksto at tono.
2. Mga Isyu sa Formatting
Minsan nagbabago ang Markdown syntax sa pagsasalin. Upang ayusin ito, nagdagdag kami ng post-processing logic upang mapanatili ang formatting.
3. Pag-optimize ng Gastos sa API
Upang mabawasan ang gastos, nagpatupad kami ng caching upang maiwasan ang muling pagsasalin ng hindi nagbabagong nilalaman.
4. Epektibong Pag-handle ng Muling Pagsasalin
Upang muling isalin ang mga partikular na pahina, nagdagdag kami ng retranslate: true na front matter parameter. Muling isinasalin lamang ng script ang mga pahinang may markang ito. Pinapayagan kami nitong i-update ang mga pagsasalin kung kinakailangan nang hindi kailangang muling isalin ang buong site.
Konklusyon
Sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama ng OpenAI API sa Hugo, na-automate namin ang pagsasalin ng aming website habang pinapanatili ang kalidad at flexibility. Nakakatipid ito ng oras, tinitiyak ang consistency, at pinapayagan kaming mag-scale nang walang kahirap-hirap. Kung nais mong gawing multilingual ang iyong Hugo site, nag-aalok ang OpenAI API ng isang makapangyarihang solusyon.