
Kako smo koristili OpenAI API za prevođenje naše veb stranice
Uvod
Kada smo odlučili da našu veb stranicu zasnovanu na GoHugo.io učinimo višejezičkom, želeli smo efikasan, skalabilan i isplativ način za generisanje prevoda. Umesto da ručno prevodimo svaku stranicu, iskoristili smo OpenAI API za automatizaciju procesa. Ovaj članak objašnjava kako smo integrisali OpenAI API sa Hugom, koristeći HugoPlate temu iz Zeon Studija, kako bismo brzo i tačno generisali prevode.
Zašto smo izabrali OpenAI API za prevođenje
Tradicionalne usluge prevođenja često zahtevaju značajan manuelni trud, a automatski alati poput Google Prevoditelja, iako korisni, ne pružaju uvek nivo prilagodljivosti koji nam je bio potreban. OpenAI API nam je omogućio da:
- Automatizujemo prevode u velikim količinama
- Prilagodimo stil prevođenja
- Održimo bolju kontrolu nad kvalitetom
- Seamlessly integrisamo sa našom veb stranicom zasnovanom na Hugu
- Označimo pojedinačne stranice za ponovno prevođenje
Proces korak po korak
1. Priprema Hugo veb stranice
Naša stranica je već bila postavljena koristeći HugoPlate temu, koja podržava višejezičnu funkcionalnost. Prvi korak je bio omogućiti podršku za jezike u našem Hugo config/_default/languages.toml
fajlu:
################ English language ##################
[en]
languageName = "English"
languageCode = "en-us"
contentDir = "content/english"
weight = 1
################ Arabic language ##################
[ar]
languageName = "العربية"
languageCode = "ar"
contentDir = "content/arabic"
languageDirection = 'rtl'
weight = 2
Ova konfiguracija osigurava da Hugo može generisati odvojene jezičke verzije našeg sadržaja.
2. Automatizacija prevoda sa OpenAI API
Razvili smo Bash skriptu za automatizaciju prevođenja Markdown fajlova. Ova skripta:
- Čita engleske
.md
fajlove iz izvornog direktorijuma. - Koristi OpenAI API za prevođenje teksta dok čuva Markdown formatiranje.
- Piše prevedeni sadržaj u odgovarajuće jezičke direktorijume.
- Prati status prevođenja koristeći JSON fajl.
Evo pregleda naše skripte:
#!/bin/bash
# ===========================================
# Hugo Content Translation and Update Script (Sequential Processing & New-Language Cleanup)
# ===========================================
# This script translates Hugo Markdown (.md) files from English to all supported target languages
# sequentially (one file at a time). It updates a JSON status file after processing each file.
# At the end of the run, it checks translation_status.json and removes any language from
# translate_new_language.txt only if every file for that language is marked as "success".
# ===========================================
set -euo pipefail
# --- Simple Logging Function (writes to stderr) ---
log_step() {
echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $*" >&2
}
# --- Environment Setup ---
export PATH="/opt/homebrew/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:$PATH"
# (Removed "Script starting." log)
SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
log_step "SCRIPT_DIR set to: $SCRIPT_DIR"
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/.env" ]; then
log_step "Loading environment variables from .env"
set -o allexport
source "$SCRIPT_DIR/.env"
set +o allexport
fi
# Load new languages from translate_new_language.txt (if available)
declare -a NEW_LANGUAGES=()
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt" ]; then
while IFS= read -r line || [[ -n "$line" ]]; do
NEW_LANGUAGES+=("$line")
done <"$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt"
else
log_step "No new languages file found; proceeding with empty NEW_LANGUAGES."
fi
API_KEY="${OPENAI_API_KEY:-}"
if [ -z "$API_KEY" ]; then
log_step "❌ Error: OPENAI_API_KEY environment variable is not set."
exit 1
fi
# Supported Languages (full list)
SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES=("ar" "bg" "bn" "cs" "da" "de" "el" "es" "fa" "fi" "fr" "ha" "he" "hi" "hr" "hu" "id" "ig" "it" "ja" "ko" "ml" "mr" "ms" "nl" "no" "pa" "pl" "pt" "ro" "ru" "sk" "sn" "so" "sr" "sv" "sw" "ta" "te" "th" "tl" "tr" "uk" "vi" "xh" "yo" "zh" "zu")
STATUS_FILE="$SCRIPT_DIR/translation_status.json"
SRC_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/Content/english"
log_step "Source directory: $SRC_DIR"
# Check dependencies
for cmd in jq curl; do
if ! command -v "$cmd" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
log_step "❌ Error: '$cmd' is required. Please install it."
exit 1
fi
done
MAX_RETRIES=5
WAIT_TIME=2 # seconds
# Create/initialize status file if missing
if [ ! -f "$STATUS_FILE" ]; then
echo "{}" >"$STATUS_FILE"
log_step "Initialized status file at: $STATUS_FILE"
fi
# --- Locking for Status Updates ---
lock_status() {
local max_wait=10
local start_time
start_time=$(date +%s)
while ! mkdir "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir" 2>/dev/null; do
sleep 0.01
local now
now=$(date +%s)
if ((now - start_time >= max_wait)); then
log_step "WARNING: Lock wait exceeded ${max_wait}s. Forcibly removing stale lock."
rm -rf "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir"
fi
done
}
unlock_status() {
rmdir "$STATUS_FILE.lockdir"
}
update_status() {
local file_path="$1" lang="$2" status="$3"
lock_status
jq --arg file "$file_path" --arg lang "$lang" --arg status "$status" \
'.[$file][$lang] = $status' "$STATUS_FILE" >"$STATUS_FILE.tmp" && mv "$STATUS_FILE.tmp" "$STATUS_FILE"
unlock_status
}
# --- Translation Function ---
translate_text() {
local text="$1" lang="$2"
local retry_count=0
while [ "$retry_count" -lt "$MAX_RETRIES" ]; do
user_message="Translate the following text to $lang. Preserve all formatting exactly as in the original.
$text"
json_payload=$(jq -n \
--arg system "Translate from English to $lang. Preserve original formatting exactly." \
--arg user_message "$user_message" \
'{
"model": "gpt-4o-mini",
"messages": [
{"role": "system", "content": $system},
{"role": "user", "content": $user_message}
],
"temperature": 0.3
}')
response=$(curl -s https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $API_KEY" \
-d "$json_payload")
log_step "📥 Received API response."
local error_type
error_type=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.error.type // empty')
local error_message
error_message=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.error.message // empty')
if [ "$error_type" == "insufficient_quota" ]; then
sleep "$WAIT_TIME"
retry_count=$((retry_count + 1))
elif [[ "$error_type" == "rate_limit_reached" || "$error_type" == "server_error" || "$error_type" == "service_unavailable" ]]; then
sleep "$WAIT_TIME"
retry_count=$((retry_count + 1))
elif [ "$error_type" == "invalid_request_error" ]; then
return 1
elif [ -z "$error_type" ]; then
if ! translated_text=$(echo "$response" | jq -r '.choices[0].message.content' 2>/dev/null); then
return 1
fi
if [ "$translated_text" == "null" ] || [ -z "$translated_text" ]; then
return 1
else
translated_text=$(echo "$translated_text" | sed -e 's/^```[[:space:]]*//; s/[[:space:]]*```$//')
echo "$translated_text"
return 0
fi
else
return 1
fi
done
return 1
}
# --- Process a Single File (Sequential Version) ---
process_file() {
local src_file="$1" target_file="$2" lang="$3" rel_src="$4"
# If target file exists and is non-empty, mark status as success.
if [ -s "$target_file" ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "success"
return 0
fi
content=$(<"$src_file")
if [[ "$content" =~ ^(---|\+\+\+)[[:space:]]*$ ]] && [[ "$content" =~ [[:space:]]*(---|\+\+\+\+)[[:space:]]*$ ]]; then
front_matter=$(echo "$content" | sed -n '/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/,/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/p')
body_content=$(echo "$content" | sed -n '/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/,/^\(---\|\+\+\+\)$/d')
else
front_matter=""
body_content="$content"
fi
log_step "Translating [$rel_src] to $lang..."
translated_body=$(translate_text "$body_content" "$lang")
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "failed"
return 1
fi
mkdir -p "$(dirname "$target_file")"
if [ -n "$front_matter" ]; then
echo -e "$front_matter
$translated_body" >"$target_file"
else
echo -e "$translated_body" >"$target_file"
fi
updated_content=$(echo "$content" | sed -E 's/^retranslate:\s*true/retranslate: false/')
echo "$updated_content" >"$src_file"
update_status "$rel_src" "$lang" "success"
}
# --- Main Sequential Processing ---
ALL_SUCCESS=true
for TARGET_LANG in "${SUPPORTED_LANGUAGES[@]}"; do
log_step "Processing language: $TARGET_LANG"
TARGET_DIR="$SCRIPT_DIR/Content/$TARGET_LANG"
while IFS= read -r -d '' src_file; do
rel_src="${src_file#$SCRIPT_DIR/}"
target_file="$TARGET_DIR/${src_file#$SRC_DIR/}"
# If file is marked not to retranslate, check that target file exists and is non-empty.
if ! [[ " ${NEW_LANGUAGES[@]:-} " =~ " ${TARGET_LANG} " ]] && grep -q '^retranslate:\s*false' "$src_file"; then
if [ -s "$target_file" ]; then
update_status "$rel_src" "$TARGET_LANG" "success"
else
update_status "$rel_src" "$TARGET_LANG" "failed"
fi
continue
fi
process_file "$src_file" "$target_file" "$TARGET_LANG" "$rel_src"
done < <(find "$SRC_DIR" -type f -name "*.md" -print0)
done
log_step "Translation run completed."
end_time=$(date +%s)
duration=$((end_time - $(date +%s)))
log_step "Execution Time: $duration seconds"
if [ "$ALL_SUCCESS" = true ]; then
log_step "🎉 Translation completed successfully for all supported languages!"
else
log_step "⚠️ Translation completed with some errors."
fi
# --- Clean Up Fully Translated New Languages ---
if [ -f "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt" ]; then
log_step "Cleaning up fully translated new languages..."
for lang in "${NEW_LANGUAGES[@]:-}"; do
incomplete=$(jq --arg lang "$lang" 'to_entries[] | select(.value[$lang] != null and (.value[$lang] != "success")) | .key' "$STATUS_FILE")
if [ -z "$incomplete" ]; then
log_step "All translations for new language '$lang' are marked as success. Removing from translate_new_language.txt."
sed -E -i '' "/^[[:space:]]*$lang[[:space:]]*$/d" "$SCRIPT_DIR/translate_new_language.txt"
else
log_step "Language '$lang' still has incomplete translations."
fi
done
fi
3. Upravljanje statusom prevođenja
Da bismo sprečili redundantna prevođenja i pratili napredak, koristili smo JSON fajl (translation_status.json
). Skripta ažurira ovaj fajl nakon obrade svakog dokumenta, osiguravajući da se prevode samo novi ili ažurirani sadržaji.
4. Obrada grešaka i API ograničenja
Implementirali smo ponovne pokušaje i obradu grešaka kako bismo se nosili sa ograničenjima, greškama API-ja i problemima sa kvotama. Skripta čeka pre nego što ponovo pokuša ako OpenAI API vrati grešku poput rate_limit_reached
ili service_unavailable
.
5. Implementacija
Kada se generiše prevedeni sadržaj, pokretanje hugo --minify
gradi višejezičnu statičku stranicu, spremnu za implementaciju.
Izazovi i rešenja
1. Tačnost prevođenja
Iako su OpenAI-ovi prevodi generalno bili tačni, neki tehnički termini mogu zahtevati manuelnu proveru, ali mi smo samo tim od dvoje, pa se nadamo najboljem. Dodatno smo prilagodili upite kako bismo održali kontekst i ton.
2. Problemi sa formatiranjem
Markdown sintaksa ponekad se menjala tokom prevođenja. Da bismo to ispravili, dodali smo logiku za post-procesiranje kako bismo sačuvali formatiranje.
3. Optimizacija troškova API-ja
Da bismo smanjili troškove, implementirali smo keširanje kako bismo izbegli ponovno prevođenje nepromenjenog sadržaja.
4. Efikasno upravljanje ponovnim prevođenjem
Da bismo ponovo preveli specifične stranice, dodali smo retranslate: true
parametar u front matter. Skripta ponovo prevodi samo stranice označene ovim parametrom. Ovo nam omogućava da ažuriramo prevode po potrebi bez ponovnog prevođenja cele stranice.
Zaključak
Integracijom OpenAI API sa Hugom, automatizovali smo prevođenje naše veb stranice dok smo održavali kvalitet i fleksibilnost. Ovaj pristup je uštedio vreme, osigurao doslednost i omogućio nam da se lako skaliramo. Ako želite da vaša Hugo stranica bude višejezična, OpenAI-ov API nudi moćno rešenje.